Methods and Equipments used in measuring

a variety of methods and equipments can be used to measure each of these parameters .

1)Horizontal distances by :

• Taping .
• Optical method .
• Electronic methods  .

2)Vertical distances by : 

• Taping 
• Optical method 
• Electronic methods  

3)Angles by :

• Magnetic compass .
• Sextant .
• Theodolite .